Scope and editorial policy

The Revista de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello publishes original, unpublished research manuscripts relating to aspects and subspecialties of otolaryngology-head & neck surgery, and related biomedical sciences. Manuscripts must not be under consideration for publication in another journal.

Peer-review process

The Revista de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, in its peer review process (blind), adheres to the principles outlined by The Council of Science Editors (CSE) which are available at: http://www.councilscienceeditors.org.
All articles submitted to the Revista de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello are evaluated by the Editor-in-Chief who assesses their relevance in terms of the aims and scope of the journal. Once the work is considered appropriate with regards to the general guidelines, it is submitted to a peer-review process by two experts from outside the journal's editorial board in the field addressed in the research. The authors must review that the contribution complies with the formal requirements of the journal (list of tasks) prior to its submission to the journal.
The Editor may accept or reject the manuscript depending on whether or not it meets the formal requirements. Once a manuscript meets the formal requirements, the authors will be formally notified of its reception. The Editorial Committee reserves the right to accept or reject the submissions received. 
The printed version (ISSN 0716-4084) is published in black and white without charge to the authors. Only if the author wishes to publish tables and/or figures in color, he/she must pay 1000 USD$, or its equivalent in Chilean pesos, per page published in color. The digital version of the Revista de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (ISSN 0718-4816) including color figures and tables, are published in color at no cost.

Manuscript form and preparation

The format for submitting research articles should be based on the template that you can download from the following link: Template # 1

The format for submitting clinical cases should be based on the template that you can download from the following link: Template # 2

Articles submitted should conform to the following instructions and to the recommendations established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) available at www.icmje.org (Annals of Internal Medicine 1997;126:36-47).

All manuscripts submitted to the journal must comply with current ethical standards and have corresponding permissions for publication. All responsibility for publication of images and data rests solely and exclusively with the authors of the manuscripts.

Manuscript organization

First page: Header including the following information: type of article (Research Article, Clinical Case, Review Article, etc.); title of the manuscript in Spanish and English; names and affiliations of the authors; abstract and keywords (5), followed by abstract and keywords (5) in English; author for correspondence with email and address. The maximum word limit for abstract and summary is 250 words.

Types of articles

The journal welcomes papers to be published in any of the following sections:

-Research articles (maximum 4000 words).

-Case reports (maximum 1500 words)

-Review articles (maximum 6000 words)

-Ethics articles (maximum 1500 words)

-Letter to the Editor (maximum 1500 words)

-Images in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery (maximum 1000 words)

-Editorial: this type of article will be requested directly by the Editor-in-Chief.

The word count is calculated only from the main text of the manuscript, excluding the information on the first page, abstract and references.

- Research articles: maximum length of 4000 words, a maximum of 10 figures and/or tables and a maximum of 40 references. The summary and abstract of research articles should be structured and include the following sections: Introduction, Objective, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion. The abstract should be structured as: Introduction, Objective, Material and Methods, Results, Conclusion.

- Case reports: maximum length of 1500 words, including a description of one or two patients, a maximum of two figures and a maximum of 15 references. A maximum of five authors can be included for a clinical case. The abstract is not structured in case report submissions.

- Review articles: maximum length of 6000 words. They should correspond to review articles focused on a novel topic or of interest to the readers of the journal, and supported by relevant publications on the subject. For this type of article, the abstract is not structured. A maximum total number of 10 figures and/or tables, and a maximum of 60 references are allowed.

- Ethics articles: maximum length of 1500 words. For this type of article, the abstract is not structured. It includes a wide range of topics related to medical ethics.

- Letter to the editor: maximum length of 1500 words. They do not require an abstract.

- Images in otolaryngology and head and neck surgery: maximum length of 1000 words. They do not require an abstract. A maximum of five authors and three figures. The text will contain the most relevant information and concise description of the imaging characteristics of the lesion citing the key diagnostic points. A maximum of five references. The images presented should be of exemplary quality. Patient identifiers should be masked.

Manuscript preparation

When submitting your manuscript for review, you must arrange the text with Times New Roman or Arial font size 12, 1.5 line spacing and aligned to the left, leaving a margin of 3 cm. The text must be presented in a single column. Italics should be used for expressions in other languages. Figures and tables should always be submitted separately and not included in the Word file of the manuscript. Please use the spelling and grammar check functions of the word processor before submitting the manuscript. Number pages and lines of text continuously. Pages should be numbered at the bottom right of each page, numbering the title page as page 1. In addition, all lines of text should be numbered (in Word: Format (or Layout) tab, in the Page Setup, click Line Numbers, then click Continuous to number the lines of the entire manuscript). Numbering the pages and lines of text makes it easier to review the manuscript and communicate with the reviewers.

Cover letter

This letter is optional and is addressed to the Editor-in-chief of the journal. It is intended to introduce your work; you may also use this opportunity to explain why the manuscript will be of interest to the journal's readers. Ideally, you should include these phrases: "we confirm that this manuscript has not been published, and is not under consideration for publication by another journal", "it meets all ethical requirements for publication", and "all authors have approved the manuscript and agree to its submission". In addition, it should be made explicit in this letter if the authors wish the figures to be in color in the printed format.

Formatting of the manuscript

Title page

1. a) The title of the article should be concise, but informative of the content of the paper and should be expressed in Spanish and English. Do not use abbreviations in the title.
2. b) Authors: include first name and surname name (and the initial of the mother's last name if desired). It is suggested that authors write their name with the same format, constantly, in all of their publications in indexed journals. Professional titles should not be included (e.g. MD, medical intern, PhD, resident, etc).
3. c) Affiliations: include the affiliation information for each author (name and address of the institution where the study was performed) below the names. In cases of multiple affiliations, indicate by means of Arabic numerals in superscript at the end of each author's last name. The same letter should precede the data of the institution (departments and institutions to which the author belonged during the execution of the work, city and country).
4. d) Identification of the corresponding author (contact): name, address and e-mail of the corresponding author.
5. e) Funding: the source of financial support, if any, should be indicated. If there was no funding or financial support, it should be made explicit.
6. f) The first author cited is considered the main author. In the case of being different from the first author, the last author cited and/or the corresponding author (if not the first author) is the second author in importance.
7. g) Conflicts of interest: authors should declare whether they have actual or potential conflicts of interest with any private institution related to the study. If there is no conflict of interest, they should add the phrase "the authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest".
8. h) Word count: authors should include the word count.

Abstracts in Spanish and English

The submission must include an abstract in English and Spanish of no more than 250 words each. For case reports, ethics articles and review articles, the abstracts will be unstructured. In the case of research articles, the abstract will be structured in the following way: Introduction, Objectives, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions. Images in otolaryngology and head and neck surgery and letters to the editor do not require an abstract.

Include keywords in Spanish (5) after the abstract in Spanish and "keywords" (5) after the abstract in English. These words will be used for indexing the article. It is recommended to choose from the list of Medical Subject Headings "MeSH Headings" of the Index Medicus accessible at www.nim.nih.gov/mesh/, or in Google MeSH Browser.

Main Text

Each section should be clearly identified with a capitalized heading, which in the case of research articles, includes: INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVE, MATERIAL AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION.

- INTRODUCTION: It should contain a brief review of the topic and justify the research question to be assessed by the work in question. It should state the hypothesis.

- OBJECTIVE: The objective(s) should be clear and precise.

- MATERIALS AND METHODS: Describe clearly the selection of the subjects under observation. Identify the methods and point out the instruments with the necessary precision so that other researchers can reproduce your results. In the case of known and established methods of frequent use, it is sufficient to name them or give the respective reference. Identify the drugs and chemical compounds used with the generic name, their doses, routes of administration and course of treatment. Indicate the commercial brands in parentheses. The statements of drugs, diseases or syndromes are written in lower case, except in the case of proper names. Mention the statistical method used, as well as its level of significance.

If the project was developed with the participation of human subjects, state explicitly in the manuscript that the procedures meet the established ethical standards, reviewed by a Research Ethics Committee of the institution where the study was performed, and that the procedures were performed according to the Helsinki declaration of the World Medical Association (2013). Do not use patient names, true initials, or observation or clinical record numbers. If requested by the editors, authors should provide a copy of the approval document by the respective Ethics Committee.

For clinical trials and prospective studies on human subjects, the number of the approved protocol by the Ethics Committee of the institution should be clearly described in the text, and it should be made clear that informed consent (and assent if appropriate) was obtained from the study subjects or their guardians. For randomized clinical trials, authors should follow the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines. Authors should submit the CONSORT checklist, the flow chart illustrating the progress of patients during the trial (recruitment, enrollment, randomization, withdrawal, and termination), and the description of the randomization procedure. The checklist and flowchart template are available on the CONSORT website (http://www.consort-statment.org/).

For observational studies, it is recommended to follow STROBE guidelines at www.strobe-statement.org.

For the publication of retrospective studies, case reports, and images in Otorhinolaryngology, it should be made explicit in the text that the publication of the relevant data was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution. Authorization or informed consent by the patient is required in the case of publication of photos or images that may compromise his/her identity.

Experimental animal studies must explicitly state the approval by the Research Bioethics Committee of the institution where the study was performed and identify it in the text.

Useful resources for authors, including guidelines for the preparation of different types of studies can be found at https://www.equator-network.org/library/spanish-resources-recursos-en-espanol/.

- RESULTS: Present your results in a logical sequence. This sequence should be consistent in the text, tables and figures. Data may be presented in tables or figures, but not simultaneously in both. Do not repeat in the text all the data presented in a figure or table, but only the most relevant. Do not mix the results with the discussion, as this is done in the following section.

- DISCUSSION: This is a discussion of the results obtained in this work and not a review of the subject. Discuss and highlight only the new and important aspects contributed by your work, and the conclusions drawn from them. Do not repeat in detail the data that appear in the Results section. Make explicit in this section the implications of your findings, and relate these observations to other published studies with the respective bibliographic citation. Link your conclusions to the aims and objectives stated in the Introduction section, but avoid proposing conclusions that are not solidly supported by your work, or by others yet to be completed. If appropriate, you may suggest new hypotheses, recommendations or possibilities for future studies.

- CONCLUSION: Describe clearly the conclusions of the work, which should be directly related to the objectives proposed, and should be supported by the results and statistical tests if applicable.

- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Acknowledge only persons or institutions that made substantive contributions to your work.

- REFERENCES: Authors are responsible for the accuracy of their references. In the text, list references consecutively in superscript form, with Arabic numerals, according to the order of appearance in the manuscript, figures and/or tables identifying them. Do not include references in the summary or abstract.

Use the style of the examples below, which are based on the AMA format (American Medical Association, 11th ed).

Journal titles should be abbreviated according to the style used in this publication. See List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus. Please refrain from using abstracts and personal communications as references.

You may include among the referenced, articles accepted for publication, even if they have not yet been published; indicate the journal and add "in press" (in parentheses). Manuscripts that have not yet been accepted will not be considered.

Authors should check references. Examples of correct forms of references are given below.

1) Journals

- Journal article: Include the names of all authors separated by commas when there are six or fewer authors; if there are seven or more, include only the names of the first three and add "et al". Follow the title of the article in its original language. Then, the name of the Journal according to the style used by Index Medicus and year of publication, volume of the journal, initial and final page of the article. In addition, when available, the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) should be placed at the end of the reference. This allows secure identification of a specific electronic content.

Example: Waissbluth S, Del Valle A, Toro A. Usefulness of objective measurements for programming in cochlear implants. Rev Otorhinolaryngol Cir Cabeza Cuello 2019;79:279-289. doi: 10.4067/S0718-4816162019000300279

Example: Chrysovergis A, Papanikolaou VS, Tsiambas E, Ragos V, Peschos D, Kyrodimos E. Digital Analysis of BCL2 Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2019;39:1253-1257. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.13235

Example: Dhar S, Mattioni J, Sataloff RT. Endoscopic Findings in a Professional Singer with Frequent Throat Clearing. Ear Nose Throat J 2019;98:128. doi: 10.1177/0145561319838410 

- If the author is corporate:

Example: The Royal Marsden Hospital Bone-Marrow Transplantation Team. Failure of syngeneic bone marrow graft without preconditioning in posthepatitis marrow aplasia. Lancet 1977;2:2424

- If the author is anonymous:

Example: coffee drinking and cancer of the pancreas (Editorial). Br Med J 1981;283:628

- If a journal supplement:

Example: Cima RFF, Mazurek B, Haider H, et al. A multidisciplinary European guideline for tinnitus: diagnostics, assessment, and treatment. HNO 2019;67(Suppl 1):10-42. doi: 10.1007/s00106-019-0633-7

- If journal with discontinuous pagination (by issue):

Example: Seaman WB. The case of the pancreatic pseudocyst. Hosp Pract 1981;16(sep):245

2) Books and other monographs:

- If personal author(s):

Example: Eisen HN. Immunology: An introduction to molecular and cellular principles of the immune response. New York: Harper and Row 1974:406

- If editor, compiler or chair as author:

Example: Dausset J. Colombani J. eds. Histocompatibility testing 1972. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1973:128

3) Book chapter:

Example: Weinstein L, Swartz MN. Pathogenic properties of invading microorganisms. In: Sodeman WA Jr, Sodeman WA, eds, Pathologic physiology: Mechanisms of disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1974;457-72

4) Article included in the published proceedings of a meeting:

Example: DuPont B. Bone marrow transplantation in severe combined immunodeficiency with an unrelated MLC compatible donor. In: White HJ, Smith R. eds

Example: Proceedings of the third annual meeting of the International Society for Experimental Hematology: Houston: International Society for Experimental Hematology, 1974:446

5) Monograph that is part of a series:

Example: Hunnighake GW, Gadek JE, Szapiel SV, et al. The human alveolar macrophage. In: Harris CC, ed. Cultured human cells and tissues in biomedical research. New York: Academic Press, 1980:546, (Stoner GD, ed. Methods and perspectives in cell biology; vol 1)

6) Publication of an organism:

Example: Ranofsky AL. Surgical operations in shortstay hospitals: United States-1975

Example: Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics, 1978; DHEW publication no. (PHS) 78-1785 (Vital and health statistics; series 13, no. 34)

7) Theses:

Example: Cairns RB. Infrared spectroscopic studies of solid oxygen (Doctoral dissertation). Berkeley, California: University of California, 1965. 156 pp

8) Electronic references: The authors should be cited first, the title of the article, the journal of origin in case the work was published in a journal, and then the website where the citation was obtained. Report when the website was viewed with “Available at:” before the website and at the end of the electronic citation, the words “Accessed on:” (date).

Example: Ministry of Health. Ricarte Soto" Law will increase its coverage to 18 high-cost pathologies. Available at: http://www.minsal.cl/ley-ricarte-soto-aumentara-su-cobertura-a-18-patologias-de-alto-costo/. Accessed on: June 6, 2018

9) Other articles.

- Newspaper articles:

Example: Shaffer RA. Advances in chemistry are starting to unlock mysteries of the brain: Discoveries could help cure alcoholism and insomnia, explain mental illness

Example: How the messengers work. Wall Street Journal 1977 Aug 12:1(col 1)

- Magazine article:

Example: Rouche B. Annals of medicine: The Santa Claus culture. The New Yorker 1971 Sep 4:66-81

Tables

Submit tables in a separate Word document, written in the usual formats. Do not send slides or photographs of the tables. Number the tables in consecutive order and place a short title at the top of each table. Place a short, abbreviated heading above each column. Separate with lines only the headings of the main columns and titles. Place explanatory notes when appropriate and explain non-conventional abbreviations at the foot of the table. You should not copy a table prepared in PDF, Powerpoint and Excel format into the Word document. You must create the table in a separate Word document. All tables must be referenced in the main text and in their consecutive order of mention (Table 1, Table 2, etc).

Figures and figure legends

A figure is any type of illustration that is not a table (photograph, drawing, sketch, diagram, radiograph, graph, ECG, ENG, etc.). All figures should be referenced in the main text and in their consecutive order of mention (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc). In case of drawings or graphs it is preferable that they are made by professionals. The standards for electronic figures require TIFF or JPG format with a minimum resolution of 600 dpi, size of 85 mm in case of single column figures or 170 mm in case of 2 columns with a maximum height of 200 mm, with a file size of no more than 10 MB (TIFF in RGB, compressed in LZW). Remember that this magazine is published in black and white and that the color figure will only appear in the digital format. You must take into consideration that your figure is understandable both in black and white and in color, it is suggested to use symbols with different geometric shapes. The numbers or symbols must be clearly visible on the entire surface of the figure, taking into account the possible reduction in size in the publication.

The text of the figure legends should be in Word format and placed at the end of the manuscript, after the references. Figures should be annotated with the figure number as it appears in the text. If a figure is a reproduction of already published material, indicate its source and obtain written permission from the author or editor to reproduce it in your paper. This document should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief. Images of patients must either have written permission to authorize their publication or must have an image superimposed on them that prevents their identification. The responsibility for complying with this indication is the responsibility of the authors.

In the legend, identify and explain all symbols used to indicate any part of the figure. In the reproduction of histopathological/microscopic sections, explain the magnification and staining methods. Explain at the bottom of the legends the meaning of all abbreviations used. The publication of color illustrations in the printed version should be consulted to the Editor-in-Chief of the journal and will be at the author's expense.

Submission Checklist

Before submitting your final manuscript, please verify that it meets the following points:

- Page numbering

- Line numbering per page

- Word count, review the maximum established according to the type of article

- Title in Spanish

- Title in English

- Name and surname

- Affiliations

- Corresponding author, address and e-mail

- Declaration of conflicts of interest

- Funding

- Abstract in English (up to 250 words)

- Keywords in English (5 words)

- Abstract in Spanish (up to 250 words)

- Keywords in Spanish (5 words)

- Main text with references in correlative citation order, and with numbers in superscript

- Insertion in the text of tables and figures in correlative order of appearance

- Acknowledgements, if desired by the authors

- Review of each reference, review format

- Approval of the corresponding Ethics Committee, according to the type of study

- Include in the text informed consent/assent from the patients, according to the type of study

- Informed consent of the patient to reproduce photographic material that may identify the patient

- Formatting of tables and figures (with legends) as specified in the instructions

- Spelling and grammatical correction of the manuscript

Manuscript Review Process

Once your manuscript has been satisfactorily submitted through the website, it will be evaluated by an Editor, and if it complies with the basic standards and with the aims and scope of the journal, it will be sent for peer review. If it does not comply, the manuscript will be rejected, explaining the reason. The review process by two or three reviewers of your manuscript may take approximately 30 days on average. You will receive comments and suggestions from the reviewers separately and you can respond to the reviewers as you receive each review.

There are several outcomes for manuscript submissions:

- Accepted without changes. In this case the reviewer considers that your manuscript can be published as submitted. The final decision always rests with the Editor.

- Accepted with minor changes. In this case the reviewer considers that you should resubmit your manuscript through the platform with minor changes in order to be reevaluated. The final decision always rests with the Editor.

- Accepted with major changes. In this case the reviewer considers that you should resubmit your manuscript through the platform with major changes in order to be reevaluated. The final decision always rests with the Editor.

- Rejected. In this case, your manuscript was rejected by one of the reviewers. You must still wait for the response from the second or third reviewer. The final decision always rests with the Editor.

When re-submitting your manuscript for publication, it is suggested that you prepare a letter of response (optional) to the reviewers (Response to reviewers), where you can discuss and argue the differences that exist between your opinion and what has been criticized by the body of editors and reviewers. There may be several cycles of review and resubmission of manuscripts. This process ends when you review a message stating that your manuscript has been accepted or rejected for publication by the EDITOR.

**We strongly suggest that the authors read the author guidelines carefully, if the contribution does not meet the requirements of the journal, it will not be reviewed by the editors/reviewing editors.