Motion sickness in children: An update in pathology, treatment and prevention

Abstract

Motion sickness is a syndrome considered a physiological vertigo, as it occurs as a nor­mal response to an unusual perception of movement. It frequently affects children, mainly between the ages of 2 and 12. Although its prevalence is uncertain, the symptoms deeply impact children’s quality of life and development. Clinicians need to be aware of this condi­tion for its proper prevention and management. This article aims to provide an update on motion sickness physiopathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management in pe­diatric population. A literature review was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane databases. Fifty-five studies were included. It was found that sensory conflict theory is the most widely accepted explanation for motion sickness. The most common symptoms are dizziness, ver­tigo, headache and nausea, among others. The diagnosis is clinical. A fundamental aspect of management is prevention through general measures, supported by medications such as antihistamines and ondansetron, though the role of these drugs in this population remains unclear. Additionally, vestibular rehabilitation and migraine treatment are important for patients with these comorbidities. In conclusion, susceptibility is related to genetic factors, age, history of migraines, and vestibular disorders. Theories such as sensory conflict and subjective vertical offer explanatory frameworks. Behavioral measures and environmen­tal modifications can be effective in preventing motion sickness. Finally, there is a notable lack of specific information on pediatric motion sickness, highlighting the need for future research.