Relapsing polychondritis: What the clinician needs to know. Bibliographic update.

Abstract

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an uncommon systemic autoimmune disease characteri­zed by inflammation of cartilaginous structures and proteoglycan-rich tissues, presenting with variable clinical manifestations and a chronic disease course. The condition primarily affects the auricular, nasal, laryngotracheal, and articular cartilage, though other organs such as the eyes, heart, kidneys, and nervous system may also be involved. Auricular and nasal inflammation are common early signs, while airway involvement constitutes the lea­ding cause of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is clinical, and treatment is centered on corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents; however, biological therapies have recently emerged as effective options, especially in severe or refractory cases, significantly improving prognosis. The clinical course ranges from monophasic presentations to chronic relapsing forms. Continuous follow-up is essential for the early detection of complications and timely adjustment of therapy. Given the potential severity of RP, individualized and up-to-date management is required. In this context, it is particularly important to highlight the limited availability of epidemiological data and specific management guidelines for this condition in Chile. Therefore, the development of this review article is especially relevant, providing updated information to improve awareness, diagnosis, and timely treatment of this disease.