Impact of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in traffic accidents in Chile

Abstract

Introduction: There is abundant evidence to consider obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as a significant risk factor in the occurrence of traffic accidents. In 2018, traffic accidents in Chile caused 1,507 deaths, 60 thousand injured, and generated a country cost of US $ 5,985 million per year (2.1% GDP). However, the prevalence of OSAS in national drivers, nor its impact on accident rate level is unknown. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of OSAS in Chilean drivers, and their relative importance in the number of accidents, injuries, deaths and associated costs. Material and Method: Literature review, descriptive analysis with secondary databases. Estimation of risk prevalence of OSAS in Chilean drivers, professional drivers, and calculation of costs associated with accident rates. Results: The prevalence of moderate to severe OSAS is estimated at 28,6% for national drivers, 30,2% for professional drivers. Using an OR of 2.52 (CI 1.84-3.35) as a risk estimator), a population attributable risk percentage of 30,28% is obtained, which translates to 27,046 accidents, 17,545 injured, 456 deaths, and a country cost of US $ 1,812.4 million per year attributable to OSAS for accidents in 2018. Conclusion: This paper is the first approach to the subject at the Chilean level. OSAS prevalence studies in drivers are required to make more accurate estimates. It is necessary to place this topic on the public agenda, due to the possible risk reduction.