Clinical-epidemiological behavior of orbital fractures at the Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital, Camagüey

Abstract

Introduction: Orbital fractures are a frequent entity in emergency departments; it is a worldwide health problem. Objective: To characterize the clinical-epidemiological behavior of orbital fractures at the Manuel Ascunce Domenech Hospital in the period from January 2023 to December 2024. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observatio­nal study was carried out in a study universe of 78 patients with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of orbital fracture. The variables analyzed were age and sex, etiology, fracture classification, signs and symptoms, and complications. Results: 38.4% of the patients belon­ged to the age group of 18 to 30 years, and 70.51% to the male sex. Traffic accidents were the most reported etiological factor, observed in 29.48% of cases. Impure orbital fractures were the most frequent in the study; among these, orbitozygomatic fractures affected 56.41% of the sample. Periorbital edema was the most common sign observed in patients (93.58%), with 12.8% of patients presenting sensory alterations, which was the most frequently repor­ted complication. Conclusion: Patients in the age group of 18 to 30 years and men predomi­nated. Traffic accident was the most frequent etiology. Impure fractures were the most fre­quently observed, and within these, orbitozygomatic fractures were the most common. Most patients had periorbital edema, and sensory alterations were the most reported complication.