Complications in cochlear implant. Experience at Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau 2003-2021
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Keywords
cochlear implant, complications, Cholesteatoma
Abstract
Introduction: Cochlear implant surgery is a safe procedure but is not without complications. The increase in its performance has brought with it surgically challenging cases. Thus, the need arises to know the frequency and characteristics of complications in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau. Objective: To describe complications in cochlear implant surgery between 2003-2021. Material and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study, which included patients who underwent primary cochlear implant surgery between 2003-2021. Unavailable/incomplete clinical records and patients implanted in another facility were excluded. Clinical records and database of the ORL HBLT cochlear implant program were used. Data tabulation and descriptive analysis were performed. Results: A total of 281 cochlear implant surgeries were performed until 2021, benefiting 267 patients, 76% children and 24% adults. The most frequent diagnosis was congenital profound sensorineural hypoacusis. Of the total, 27 patients (9.6%) presented complications. Of these, the most frequent was cholesteatoma (9 cases) followed by extrusion of the electrode array, equipment failure, tympanic perforation, among others. Sixteen patients had to be explanted and reimplantation was performed in 14 cases (4.9% of the total). Conclusion: The local results are consistent with the frequency of complications described in the literature. The advance in the learning curve, the evolution of cochlear implant design and technology together with the decrease in its size, contributed to a reduction of complications. Our percentage of reimplantation is lower (4.9%) compared to other series. However, given the differences between studies, comparing figures is complex and the results should be understood in context. It is important to have trained surgeons and to maintain periodic controls to detect complications and plan their timely and optimal resolution.
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