Role of the superantigens in the etiopathogeny of chronic polypous rinosinusitis

Abstract

La Chronic Rinosinusitis is a frequent health problem. The physiopathological and immunobiological pathogenesis of this pathology that for a long time has been unclear and unknown in many aspects, is beginning to be disclosed. It has been recently suggested that in the etiopathogeny of RSC a diversity of factors would intervene, such as biofilms, fungus, allergy, bacterial infections, and more recently, the superantigens (SAg)2. Studies show that Stapylococcus Aureus, is the bacteria most frequently isolated from the mucus adjacent to the nasal polyps. The production of exotoxines from it and other microorganisms, are able to act as superantigens, joining the producers of T lymphocytes, producing an activation and expansion of clones of them, with the consequent liberation of cytoquines that would attract inflammatory cells, mainly eosinophils, which are basic in the pathogeny of Chronic Polypous Rinosinusitis. Based on the information gathered and presented in this revision, we can appreciate that the concept of superantigens is not something abstract, on the contrary, several researchers have demonstrated their role in the genesis and perpetuation of various diseases. The findings recently show us the relation that would exist with chronic rinosinusitis, which leads us to raise new hypothesis, investigation areas and questions to be elucidated.