Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: Associated risk factors and efficacy of particle repositioning maneuvers

Abstract

Introduction: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo. The treatment depends on the semicircular canal (SCC) and/ or cupula involved and consists of particle repositioning maneuvers. Aim: Analyze risk factors associated with BPPV for patients seen at the otorhino­laryngology department of the UC Christus health center. Evaluate the success rate of the repositioning maneuvers. Material and methods: Retrospective study. All cases of BPPV for which a repo­sitioning maneuver was prescribed during the years 2016-2017 were reviewed. Data obtained includes demographics, medical history, maneuver performed, and its success rate. Comorbidities and seasonality were evaluated. Results: 195 cases were included; with 293 maneuvers. The majority were women (74%), and the average age was 63 years. Common comorbidities were hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Concurrently, 20% had unilateral vestibular hypo­function, 23% had a history of BPPV, and 8% had bilateral involvement. Posterior SCC canalithiasis was most common (90%). In 77.3%, the case was resolved with one ma­neuver. Cases were most frequent in the spring and autumn season. Conclusion: BPPV was more common in women with an average age of 63 years. The majority of patients presented with unilateral canalithiasis obtaining a complete re­covery with a single maneuver.